Obtain a safe prospect

Tumors formed in the bladder can be termed as bladder cancer. Usually, bladder cancer begins in the transitional epithelial cells that make up the inner lining of the bladder. As the tumor grows it will invade the surrounding connective tissue and muscle. In severe cases, tumors would spread to the lymph nodes or pelvic organs. 

Immunotherapy is the use of medications that will help the immune system to recognize and destroy the cancer cells. Sometimes doctors would recommend immunotherapy to treat bladder cancer that is identified at the early stages. The traditional treatments for bladder cancer would include surgery and chemotherapy.

Tumors can be surgically removed and followed by a dose of chemotherapy termed as intravesical chemotherapy. Additional intravesical chemotherapy would be recommended for patients with a lower risk of disease progression whereas, patients with moderate to high-grade disease will be advised to undergo intravesical immunotherapy with a weakened, live bacterium, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).

Immunotherapy has brought out a decrease in the risk of recurrence for bladder cancer. In normal cases, the immune system detects and destroys abnormal cells and prevents the growth of many cancer cells. Usually, immune cells are found in and around tumors and these cells are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TILs. This is a sign that the immune system is responding to the tumor. Patients who have TILs in their tumor can do better as compared to patients who do not contain TILs.

Varied forms of immunotherapy can be given in different ways. These include intravenous that goes directly into the vein, capsules(orally), creams(topical), and directly to the bladder (intravesical). With the help of the accurate immunotherapy options, bladder cancer can be treated and prevented for a better future.

Mainly there are two types of bladder cancer such as muscle-invasive bladder cancer and non-invasive-muscle bladder cancer. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer spreads to the muscle wall of the bladder and it is aggressive hence, it becomes more difficult to treat. This is a more advanced stage of cancer and will require surgery to remove the entire bladder. Sometimes, doctors would suggest a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer will be found in the tissue that lines the inner surface of the bladder. It is not affected by the bladder muscles. BCG is considered as an immunotherapy treatment that is used to treat non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Other treatments would include cystoscopic resection the tumor, intravesical immunotherapy, and intravesical chemotherapy.

Each person is different and everyone would respond to the treatments differently hence, always take the suggestion from the specialist.

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Blog Reviewed By: Dr.Muthu Veeramani
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